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To all whom it may concern: Be
it known that I, FRED M. LOCKE,
of Victor, in the county of Ontario, in the State of New York, have
invented new and useful improvements in Insulators, of which the
following, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, is a full,
clear; and exact description. This
invention relates to improvements in insulators, having more particular
reference to those which are made from porcelain or suitable insulating
material. In
passing a current of electricity of high voltage over a wire I have
found that the static discharge from the surface of the insulator
supporting the wire or the arcing of the current around the insulator
burns the insulator pin off on a plane with the bottom of the petticoat
extending the lowest. I
have also found that by providing the insulator with a long central
petticoat, which incloses the pin down to a point adjacent to the
cross-arm, and by making it small in diameter in proportion to the
adjacent petticoats of the insulator above it this central piece is the
most valuable insulating-surface of the whole insulator on account of
the fact that the area of the surface is so small that but little
moisture at most can congregate there, it being one of the principles of
insulation that the smaller the conductor the greater the resistance and
that the surface of, any insulator is a conductor to a more or less
extent when damp. My
object therefore consists in so constructing an insulator as to prevent
this leakage of the current over the insulator to the support, and there
by obviate the burning off of the pin. The
more recent use of high-voltage currents has made it necessary to secure
absolute insulation, so as to prevent the burning off of the pin upon
which the insulators are mounted. Otherwise great damage is done,
besides the loss of the electromotive force, and to that end my
invention consists in constructing an insulator having its inner
petticoat extending down to a point adjacent to the cross-arms upon
which the pin is mounted to serve as a protecting sleeve for the pin and
increase the arcing distance of the current around the insulator. My invention consists in the several new and
novel features of construction hereinafter described, and which are
specifically set forth in the claims hereunto annexed. It is constructed
as follows, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, in which I
show a vertical section of an insulator constructed in accordance with
my invention mounted upon a pin secured to the cross-arm. A is an insulator constructed of several pieces or shells, these pieces being secured together in any suitable manner. While I do not limit myself to the method of securing them together, I have found that by coating them with a layer of flux, slip, or glaze and then nesting them together in their proper position and then baking them in the kiln, so as to form practically a single insulator, all constructed in one piece; to be the more preferable way. I have also found that in many cases it is advisable to turn the insulator up after the parts have been nested together and to pour into the interstices or crevices between the parts glaze, so that when they are baked or vitrified this glaze will |
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melt down in and fill up the crevices complete, and thereby produce a series of non-puncturable seams of glaze. Referring
now to the drawing, the insulator A is formed of the outer shell a and
inner shell b and a central petticoat c, so elongated as
to form a protecting-sleeve for the insulating-pin, as shown in the
drawing. This central
piece, or "central petticoat," as I choose to call it, may be
constructed in two parts d e, being secured together, preferably
by coating with flux, slip, or glaze and then vitrifying the parts
together, so as to form but a single piece.
It will thus be observed that in the event of the current
escaping over the outer shells, if the outer surface of the inner
petticoat does not resist the current, the seam of glaze between the
outer shell and inner shell of the inner petticoat will resist it. Insulators
constructed as above described I have found impossible to break down by
any known current and I have also found that by allowing the inner
petticoat to extend down, so as to form a sleeve for the purpose of
protecting the pin, prevents its being broken off. f
is the pin, constructed in any suitable mannor,
so that the insulator may be thereon and is provided with any suitable
means for securing to the cross-arm g. Having
described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters
Patent, is-- 1. An insulator made of porcelain or suitable insulating
material, constructed of two or more parts fitted one into the other and
secured together, the inner part being provided with a socket by which
it is mounted, said inner part or shell extending down to a point
adjacent to the cross-arm, forming a sleeve for the purpose of
protecting the pin from static discharge, arcing, or leaking of the
current around the insulator. 2. An insulator made of porcelain, or suitable insulating
material, constructed of two or more parts fitted one into the other,
and secured together, said inner part extending down to a point adjacent
to the cross-arm, or resting upon the cross-arm, and forming a sleeve
for the purpose of protecting the pin from static discharge, or arcing
or leaking of the current around the insulator. 3.
An insulator made of porcelain, or suitable insulating material, having
one or more petticoats, the inner petticoat being constructed of two or
more parts secured together, and extending down to a point adjacent to
the cross-arm, or resting on the cross-arm, forming a sleeve for the
purpose of protecting the pin from static discharge, or arcing, or
leaking of the current around the insulator. 4.
An insulator made of porcelain, or suitable insulating material,
constructed of two or more shells, fitted one into the other and fused
together with glaze, the inner shell extending to a point adjacent to
the cross-arm, or resting upon the cross-arm forming a sleeve for the
purpose of protecting the pin from static discharge, or arcing, or
leaking of the current around or through the insulator. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 15th
day of April, 1898.
FRED M. LOCKE. In
presence of-- W.
A. HIGINBOTHAM, Z.
C. CURTICE.
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