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To all whom it may concern: Be
it known that we, JOHN D. HILLIARD,
Jr., and CHARLES E. PARSONS,
citizens of the United States, residing at Glens Falls, in the county of
Warren and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful
improvement in Insulators, of which the following is a specification,
reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing. Our
invention relates to insulators and more especially to that type of
insulators employed for high potential circuits, long distance
transmission lines, and the like. The
object of the invention is to provide an insulator for high voltage
transmission lines which will have the mechanical stresses applied
longitudinally instead of laterally as with the pin supported insulator,
which will be cheap to manufacture, and which will be able to carry
practically an unlimited potential without danger. Heretofore,
the typical insulator for high voltage transmission lines has been
constructed of a series of petticoated shells mounted over an iron or
wooden pin held upon a cross-arm. As the metal pin is in every case in
contact with the cross-arm, the condenser capacity of such an insulator
is considerable and if high electrostatic stress be applied to a thin
section of the porcelain, a puncture is inevitable.
In the case of a wooden pin, it is bound to take moisture from
the cross-arm with which it is in contact and from the surrounding air,
and under high voltage the destruction of the pin is probable, due to
burning by static leakage. Inasmuch as voltage must continually increase
with the increase of distance transmitted, a new type of insulator has
been found necessary, in order to stand the mechanical and electrical
stresses. Further
objects of the invention will be apparent to those versed in the art
when the specification is read in connection with the accompanying sheet
of drawing which forms a part of this application and in which: Figure
1 is a side elevation. Fig.
2 a longitudinal section thereon, and Fig. 3 a transverse section on the
line x x of Fig. 2 looking in the direction indicated by the arrows. Referring more especially to the drawing, 1 represents a wooden core
which has preferably been impregnated with resin or a similar
compound so as to render it moisture and air proof and which is
corrugated throughout its entire length as indicated at 2 so as
to furnish a good holding surface for a cement 5 preferably composed of
sulfur and powdered glass which not only forms a strong and tough cement
but is also possessed of high insulating qualities.
Surrounding the wooden core 1 and held by the cement 3 are
porcelain or tile cylindrical insulators 4 which preferably have their
ends closed so as to fully insulate the ends of the core.
These cylindrical porcelain insulators 4 may be surrounded by
other similar insulators which, if necessity required, could be
increased in number so as to provide a device that would withstand any
line potential whatever. These
insulators are corrugated along their interior and exterior surfaces so
that the bodies of cement may have good holding surfaces.
The porcelain or tile member 6 is slipped over the bottom insulating member 4 and secured thereto by the cement 5. This member 6 is provided with a head 7 which lies adjacent to the head of the bottom insulator 4 and is also provided with a petticoat 8 of the usual construction. Extending at an obtuse angle to the line of the petticoat 8 and lying parallel with the insulator 4, is an upstanding flange 9 slightly offset from the main body of the member 6, which offset forms a shoulder 10. Each outer insulator with its petticoat 8 and flange 9 has also a flange 11, which as it is slipped over the cylindrical insulators 4 is surrounded by the flange 9 of the next insulator and approaches the shoulder, 10 of the insulator below. After a sufficient number of these petticoated insulators, bearing the same relation to one another, have been placed around the cylindrical insulators 4, a cap insulator 12 is placed over the whole. This cap insulator is provided with a head 13, lying adjacent to the cylindrical head of insulator 4, and sides which extend down from the head and merge into the petticoat 8. The insulator is also provided with a depending flange 11 forming a continuation of the sides and surrounded by the flange 9 of the insulator next below. These petticoated insulators are all corrugated upon their interior surface and the flanges 11 are also corrugated upon their exterior surfaces so as to approximately mate with the corrugations on
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the
interior of the flanges 9. The cement 5, consisting of sulfur and
powdered glass, placed between the petticoated and plain cylindrical
insulators, rests upon the shoulders 10 and forms a seat for the flange
11 of each insulator. Instead of placing a similar cement between the
flanges 9 and 11, we prefer a cement 3 consisting essentially of
ozocerite, stearic acid, and resin which is soft, or resilient enough to
prevent breakage of the insulators and has also a high puncturing point.
This cement is likewise waterproof. Secured
upon the opposite end members 6 and 12 are iron caps 14 each provided
with an eye 15, the upper one being intended for engagement by a hook or
ring suspended from a cross arm, and the lower one for attachment to the
conducting wire or cable by means of any suitable band hook or hanger. By
suspending this insulator from its support, on 'a hook, wire or
equivalent device and then swinging the cable below the insulator, the
latter has free lateral motion from all directions, therefore the stress
of the cable upon it is always direct, and as the individual insulator
shells of which it is built up are mechanically separate from each
other, and only connected through the cement by which they are secured
upon the wooden core, this core or plug will receive the strain. Having
thus described our invention, what we claim and desire to secure by
Letters-Patent is: 1.
An insulator comprising a core, tubular insulating members surrounding
said core and cemented thereto, a plurality of nested insulators a
cemented to said tubular members, each of said nested insulators
provided with an annular flange adapted to overlap a complementary
flange on the next succeeding insulator, and cap insulators for the
ends. 2. An insulator comprising a core, tubular insulating members surrounding said core and cemented thereto, a plurality of nested insulators cemented to said tubular members, each of said nested insulators provided with an annular flange adapted to overlap a complimentary flange on the next succeeding insulator, cap insulators for the ends, and means connected to the cap insulators for suspending the entire structure and thereby flexibly supporting a conductor. 3.
An insulator formed of a plurality of separate elements or shells; with
the space between them filled with material comprising in part a solid
cement to give strength and in part a viscous insulating material as
ozocerite, stearic acid and resin to give insulation, the latter being
held in place by the said cement. 4.
A built-up insulator for high voltage transmission lines comprising a
treated wood core, cup-shaped insulating shells surrounding said core
and inclosing the opposite ends thereof, a plurality of petticoated
rings or shells surrounding said cup shaped shells and having upper and
lower nested flanges between each pair, cement filling between the core
and cup-shaped shells and a yielding cement filling between said nested
flanges, and caps or securing means cemented upon opposite ends of the
structure. 5.
A built-up strain insulator for high tension transmission lines
comprising a core, a plurality of nested insulating shells cemented upon
said core intermediate of its ends, and attaching means secured upon
opposite ends thereof. 6.
A built-up strain insulator for high tension transmission lines
comprising a treated wood; core from which all moisture has been
extracted, a pair of cup-shaped insulating shells inclosing said core, a
plurality of annular petticoated insulating shells surrounding and
inclosing said cup-shaped shells, cement containing sulfur and a
vitreous material between the core and the cup-shaped shells, and also
between the latter and the petticoated shells, a cement comprised of
soft, resilient or viscous material such as ozocerite, stearic acid and
resin between the individual shells, and a pair of metal caps carrying
attaching means cemented over the end shells. 7.
A suspension insulator comprising a core adapted to resist tensional
strains, insulating shells completely inclosing and cemented over and
upon said core, a plurality of petticoats formed upon said shells and
carried intermediate of the ends of the core, and attaching means
secured upon said ends. In
testimony whereof we have affixed our signatures in presence of two
witnesses.
JOHN D. HILLIARD, JR.
CHARLES E. PARSONS. Witnesses:
C. L. SNOW, WM. B. SMITH, JR. |